The promise and challenge of classroom assessment. The educational world has changed ; The power of classroom assessment ; Why a second edition? ; The case of understanding mathematics learning and assessment ; Using this book ; Ideas for follow up -- Situating assessment changes. A brief history of assessment ; Looking for change in all the wrong places ; Rethinking assessment for real change ; Purpose is everything ; Classroom assessment and large-scale reform ; Taking up the challenge ; Ideas for follow up -- Assessment of learning, for learning, and as learning. Assessment for learning ; Assessment as learning ; Assessment of learning ; Getting the balance right ; Ideas for follow up -- Spotlight on learning. Learning makes us human ; How people learn ; Learning for understanding ; Learning is hard work ; Learning happens in context ; Ideas for follow up -- Assessment and learning. The contribution of classroom assessment to learning ; Assessment as an integral part of teaching and learning ; Realizing the power of assessment to optimize learning ; Ideas for follow up -- Using assessment to identify what they believe is true. The case of the pool table ; Start with what they believe is true ; The case of the bog ; Ideas for follow up -- Using assessment to motivate learning. Assessment that motivates ; The case of Othello ; Assessment to reverse socialization ; Ideas for follow up -- Using assessment to make connections. Curriculum as visible targets for learning ; Plan learning, plan assessment, and expect the unexpected ; The case of planned literacy learning ; Differentiation ; Ideas for follow up -- Using assessment to extend learning ; Feedback for learning ; Rubrics and exemplars as tools ; The case of the brass band ; Ideas, connections, and extensions (ICE) ; Ideas for follow up -- ; Using assessment for reflection and self-regulation. The case of Jojo ; Students as their best assessors ; Developing self-regulating habits of mind ; The case of choices ; Ideas for follow up -- Getting to assessment for optimum learning. It's about learning and it's about time ; The spirit of assessment for learning requires conceptual change ; Think about what you believe is true ; Learn about learning ; Know your subject ; Be an expert teacher ; Work together in collaborative inquiry ; Don't give up, but be gentle with yourself ; Self-regulation for you too ; Get the support you need ; Put it all together.